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B.   THE SOUND OF ENGLISH

B.1        Basic Consonant Sounds

b.1.1                  Voiced  and Unvoiced Consonant

b.1.2                  Consonant Clusters

b.1.3          Consonant S and Z

b.1. 4         Consonant R

b. 1. 5        Voiceless “th”  and Voiced “th”

Voiceless “Th” word lists

Thief                           thieves                       thinker                       third        

Thanks                       thatch                        theme                         thigh        

Thing                          thorn                                   thought                       thumb      

Thump                        thanksgiving              thermos                      thighbone

Thimble                      thistle                         thunder                      theory

Thermometer              thermostat                  theater                        thumbtack

Thursday                    thin                            thaw                           think

Thirst                          thud                           threaten                     thick

Thicken                      thinking                     thirteen                      thirty

Thirsty                        thankful                     thankless                    thorough

Thoughtful                          thousand                    thermal

Voice “TH”

B.2        Vowel  Sounds

b.2.1              Diphthongs

A diphthong is a sound made by combining two vowels, specifically when it starts as one vowel sound and goes to another, like the oy sound in oil.

b.2.2                  Schwa  sound

The schwa is the vowel sound in many lightly pronounced unaccented syllables in words of more than one syllable. It is sometimes signified by the pronunciation "uh" or symbolized by an upside-down rotated e.

Authorities vary somewhat in the range of what is considered a schwa sound, but the above examples are generally accepted. Some browser fonts will show the schwa symbol here: ə.

http://www.pronuncian.com/Lessons/default.aspx?Lesson=34

B.3    Silent Letter

b.3.1          silent letter  (with “e” final)

The vowel sound changes because of the E

babe, bake, bale, base, cage, cake, came, cane, care, case, cave, dare, date, fade, fake, fame, game, gate, gave, kale, lake, lame, lane, late, pale, pave, rage, rake, rate, rave, safe, sale, same, save, tame, vase, wade, wake, blame, blaze, drape, flake, flame, frame, glaze, grade, grape, grave, plane, plate, quake, scale, stake, state, trade, whale, sphere, bike, bite, dike, fine, fire, five, hide, hike, hive, kite, life, lime, mile, mine, mite, pike, pile, pine, pipe, ride, site, size, tile, time, vine, wife, wipe, glide, knife, stripe, trike, twine, whine, code, coke, cone, cove, hole, hose, lone, mole, nose, note, poke, robe, role, rope, rose, rote, rove, tone, tote, vote, wove, zone, choke, chore, close, drove, prone, quote, scone, scope, shore, slope, smoke, snore, spoke, stole, store, stove, whole, wrote, cube, cute, dude, duke, fume, huge, mule, pure, rude, rule, tune, brute, fluke, byte, hype, style, type.

English words do not end in V or U

-ve

above, active, alive, approve, arrive, carve, cave, chive, clove, cove, crave, creative, cursive, curve, dive, dove, drive, drove, eve, give, forgive, gave, give, glove, grave, grove, halve, have, hive, groove, improve, involve, live, love, mauve, native, nerve, olive, pave, prove, rave, survive, swerve, twelve, valve, wave

-ue

avenue, blue, continue, cue, due, glue, hue, overdue, pursue, rescue, sue, true, value

 The C says /s/ and the G says /j/ because of the E

-ce

ace, dice, face, ice, lace, lice, mice, nice, pace, race, rice, vice, brace, dance, fence, force, grace, juice, mince, ounce, peace, place, pounce, price, sauce, since, slice, space, spice, trace, truce, twice, voice, wince, advice, bounce, chance, choice, fleece, glance, notice, palace, police, prince, reduce, scarce, source, stance

-ge

age, cage, huge, page, rage, urge, wage, hinge, image, large, stage, usage, forge, purge, range, change, lounge, orange, plunge, sponge, voyage

 Every syllable must have a vowel

-ble

babble, bobble, bramble, bubble, bumble, cable, cobble, dribble, fable, feeble, fumble, grumble, humble, mumble, noble, stable, tremble, wobble

-cle

article, bicycle, chronicle, circle, cycle, icicle, miracle, oracle, particle, tricycle, vehicle  

-dle

bridle, bundle, candle, cradle, cuddle, curdle, dawdle, doodle, dwindle, fiddle, griddle, handle, hurdle, kindle, middle, needle, noodle, riddle, saddle, straddle, swaddle  

-fle

baffle, duffle, muffle, raffle, ruffle, scuffle, shuffle, sniffle, waffle

-gle

angle, beagle, boggle, bugle, bungle, dangle, eagle, gargle, google, giggle, haggle, jingle, juggle, mingle, single, smuggle, straggle, struggle, triangle, wiggle

-kle

ankle, buckle, chuckle, crinkle, heckle, knuckle, pickle, shackle, speckle, suckle, tickle, trickle, twinkle, wrinkle

-ple

ample, apple, couple, cripple, crumple, dimple, example, maple, multiple, people, pimple, purple, ripple, rumple, sample, simple, temple, trample, triple

-tle

battle, beetle, bottle, brittle, bustle, castle, chortle, hurtle, kettle, mantle, nestle, nettle, prattle, rattle, settle, title, trestle, whistle, whittle

-zle

dazzle, drizzle, frazzle, guzzle, muzzle, nuzzle, puzzle, sizzle

 To keep singular words that end in S from looking plural

house, mouse, spouse, horse, goose, moose, promise, license, cause

To make the word look bigger

– are, awe, axe, dye, rye, bye

To make TH say its voiced sound

– bathe, clothe, breathe, teethe

To distinguish homophones

– browse, tease, lapse, ore