Table of Contents

Foreword......................................................................................................... 14

Introduction. Grammatical structure of the English language.................... 15

Part 1

ACCIDENCE

General classification of the parts of speech............................................... 18

Chapter I. The Noun

§1.    Definition............................................................................................................... 19

§ 2.   Morphological characteristics.............................................................................. 19

§ 3.   Syntactical characteristics.................................................................................... 19

§ 4.   Morphological composition................................................................................. 20

§5.    Classification......................................................................................................... 21

§ 6.   The category of number........................................................................................ 24

§7.    The category of case.............................................................................................. 28

Chapter II. The Article

§1. General notion.......................................................................................................... 32

Use of articles with common nouns................................................................................ 33

§ 2-4. Class nouns........................................................................................................... 33

§ 5-7. Nouns of material................................................................................................ 38

§ 8-11. Abstract nouns................................................................................................... 39

Use of articles with proper nouns................................................................................... 40

§ 12. Names of people................................................................................................... 40

§ 13. Geographical names.............................................................................................. 42

§ 14. Names of hotels, ships, newspapers and magazines........................................... 43

§ 15. Names of cardinal points...................................................................................... 43

§ 16. Names of months and days................................................................................... 43

§ 17. Nouns modified by proper nouns......................................................................... 44

Use of articles with nouns in some set expressions................................................ 44

§ 18. The use of the indefinite article with nouns in set expressions........................ 44

§ 19. The use of the definite article with nouns in set expressions........................... 45

§ 20. Nouns in set expressions used without an article............................................... 46

Use of articles in some syntactic relations................................................................. 48

§ 21. The use of articles with predicative nouns.......................................................... 48

§ 22. The use of articles with nouns in apposition....................................................... 49

§ 23. The use of articles with nouns used in address................................................... 50

§ 24. Place of the article................................................................................................ 50

§ 25. Ways of expressing the meaning of the English articles in Russian................. 51

Special difficulties in the use of articles...................................................................... 52

§ 26. The use of articles with the nouns day, night, morning, evening.................... 52

§ 27. The use of articles with names of seasons.......................................................... 52

§ 28. The use of articles with the nouns school, college, university, bed,

prison Jail, church............................................................................................... 53

§ 29. The use of articles with the noun town................................................................ 54

§ 30. The use of articles with the names of meals....................................................... 54

§ 31. The use of articles with names of languages....................................................... 55

Use of articles with nouns modified

by certain adjectives, pronouns and numerals.......................................................... 55

§ 32. Most........................................................................................................................ 55

§ 33. Few, a few, the few; little, a little, the little....................................................... 56

§ 34. Two, the two; three, the three, etc...................................................................... 57

§ 35. The second, a second............................................................................................ 57

§ 36. Another, the other................................................................................................. 57

§ 37. Last, the last.......................................................................................................... 58

§ 38. Next, the next......................................................................................................... 58

§ 39. A number, the number.......................................................................................... 58

Omission of the article......................................................................................................... 58

Chapter III. The Adjective

§ 1. Definition................................................................................................................. 60

§ 2. Morphological characteristics................................................................................ 60

§ 3. Spelling rules............................................................................................................ 61

§ 4. Syntactical characteristics...................................................................................... 61

§ 5. Morphological composition................................................................................... 61

§ 6. Classification of adjectives..................................................................................... 62

§ 7. Grammatical characteristics of qualitative adjectives.......................................... 63

§ 8. Grammatical characteristics of relative adjectives............................................... 63

§ 9. Substantivized adjectives......................................................................................... 64

Chapter IV. The Pronoun

§1.    Definition............................................................................................................... 65

§ 2.   Classification of pronouns.................................................................................... 65

§ 3.   Personal pronouns................................................................................................. 66

§ 4.    Possessive pronouns............................................................................................. 67

§ 5.   Reflexive pronouns................................................................................................ 68

§6.    Reciprocal pronouns............................................................................................. 70

§ 7.    Demonstrative pronouns....................................................................................... 71

§8.    Interrogative pronouns.......................................................................................... 72

§ 9.   Relative pronouns.................................................................................................. 74

§ 10. Conjunctive pronouns........................................................................................... 75

§11. Defining pronouns................................................................................................. 76

§ 12. Indefinite pronouns............................................................................................... 79

§ 13. Negative pronouns................................................................................................ 83

Chapter V. The Numeral

§1.   Definition................................................................................................................ 86

§ 2.  Cardinal numerals.................................................................................................. 86

§ 3.  The functions of cardinal numerals in a sentence............................................... 86

§ 4.  Ordinal numerals.................................................................................................... 87

§ 5.  The functions of ordinal numerals in a sentence................................................. 87

Chapter VI. The Words of the Category of State

§1. Definition.................................................................................................................. 89

§ 2—4. Morphological composition and use.............................................................. 89





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