Phát âm tiếng Anh hoàn hảo is the powerful system that will help you master American English pronunciation. This system uses the phonetic alphabet. Familiarize yourself with these symbols before you start using the system. First study the following links for charts of the phonetic symbols. Once you feel comfortable with the vowels and consonants, you're ready to learn the advanced part of English pronunciation: rhythm, stress, and speech patterns. It is the best that you listen to the words on the recordings to learn how to pronounce these sounds correctly. Be sure to read aloud each word or sentence as you listen.
ABC Song http://www.youtube.com/watch#v=PrWJ-rC4YQc
Alphabet Sounds http://www.youtube.com/watch#v=Ak8Es3jnLUc
Sounds Like Learning Apple apple a a a http://www.youtube.com/watch#v=9Nu_Z_ogVj0
American English Phonemes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hmgxj8DI1vw
IPA Phonemes of American English http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRf0porp31o
Bảng chữ cái tiếng Anh
A a /eɪ/ B b /bee/ C c /see/ D d /dee/ E e /ee/
F f /eff/ G g /gee/ H h /aitch/ I i /eye/ J j /jay/
K k /kay/ L l /el/ M m /em/ N n /en/ O o /oh/
P p /pee/ Q q /kyu/ R r /are/ S s /ess/ T t /tee/
U u /you/ V v /vee/ W w /dubba you/ X x /ex/ Y y /why/ Z z /zee/
Bảng mẫu tự phiên âm quốc tế (viết tắt IPA)
International Phonetic Alphabet là hệ thống các ký hiệu phiên âm được các nhà ngôn ngữ học tạo ra và sử dụng nhằm thể hiện các âm tiết trong mọi ngôn ngữ của nhân loại một cách chuẩn xác và riêng biệt.
IPA symbol Examples
p pen, spin, tip
b but, web
t two, sting, bet
d do, odd
tʃ chair, nature, teach
dʒ gin, joy, edge
k cat, kill, skin, queen, unique, thick
ɡ go, get, beg
f fool, enough, leaf, off, photo
v voice, have, of
θ thing, teeth ('theta')
ð this, breathe, father ('eth')
s see, city, pass
z zoo, rose
ʃ she, sure, emotion, leash
ʒ pleasure, beige, seizure
x Scottish loch
h ham
m man, ham
n no, tin
ŋ ringer, sing, finger, drink ('angma')
l, ɫ left, bell
ɹ run, very
w we, queen
j yes
ʍ what
IPA: Marginal Sounds
ʔ uh-oh ('glottal stop')
IPA symbol Examples
æ TRAP lad, bad, cat ('ash')
ɑ PALM father
ɑ LOT not, wasp
ɔ THOUGHT law, caught, all, halt, talk ('open o')
ə COMMA about ('schwa')
ɨ English
ɪ KIT sit
i HAPPY city
i FLEECE see, meat
eɪ FACE date, day, pain, whey, rein
ɛ DRESS bed ('epsilon')
ɝ/ɹ NURSE burn, herd, earth, bird
ɑɹ START arm, car
ʌ STRUT run, won, flood ('caret')
ʊ FOOT put, hood
u GOOSE soon, through
ɚ/ɹ̩ LETTER winner
aɪ, ʌi PRICE my, wise, high
ɔɪ CHOICE boy, hoist
oʊ GOAT no, toe, soap, tow, soul, roll, cold, folk
aʊ MOUTH now, trout
(j)u -- cute, few, dew
ɪɹ NEAR deer, here
ɛɹ SQUARE mare, there, bear
ɔɹ NORTH sort, warm
oɹ, ɔɹ FORCE tore, boar, port
ʊɹ CURE tour, moor
jʊɹ, jɝ -- pure, Europe
Các phụ âm IPA được xếp từng dòng chỉ cách phát âm và từng cột chỉ vị trí phát âm. Ở những dòng có đôi chữ bên cạnh nhau, chữ bên phải là phụ âm hữu thanh.
Vị trí phát âm->| Môi Đầu Lưỡi Mặt lưỡi Gốc lưỡi Họng
-------------|--------------|------------------|Chân |-------|---------------------------------|-----------------|
Cách phát âm | Đôi | Môi |Răng | Chân | răng |Quặt | Vòm | Vòm | Lưỡi | Yết | Thanh |
|môi | răng| | răng | sau | lưỡi | | mềm | nhỏ | hầu | quản |
Mũi m n ŋ
Tắc p b t d k ɡ
Sát f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ x h
Tiếp cận ɹ j ʍ w
Tiếp cận cạnh l
Các nguyên âm IPA được xếp từng dòng chỉ chiều cao của lưỡi, độ mở của hàm, và từng cột chỉ chiều sâu của lưỡi. Khi nào có hai ký tự bên cạnh nhau, ký tự bên phải là nguyên âm làm tròn.
Trước Gần trước Giữa Gần sau Sau
Đóng i • y ɨ • ʉ ɯ • u
Gần đóng ɪ • ʏ • ʊ
Nửa đóng e • ø ɘ • ɵ ɤ • o
Giữa ə
Nửa mở ɛ • œ ɜ • ɞ ʌ • ɔ
Gần mở æ ɐ
Mở a • ɶ ɑ • ɒ
Các nguyên âm IPA được xếp từng dòng chỉ độ mở của hàm, và từng cột chỉ vị trí của môi, vị trí của lưỡi.
môi căng môi tròn
hàm đóng hàm đóng
I / i / XII / ɝ/ɹ / X / u /
High beat burn boot
vowels II / ɪ / IX / ʊ /
bit book
III / eɪ / XI / ә / VIII / oʊ /
Mid bait but boat
vowels IV / ɛ / VII / ɔ /
bet bought
V / æ /
Low bat
vowels VI / ɑ /
baht
lưỡi Trước miệng Gần trước Giữa Gần sau Sau miệng
môi căng môi tròn
hàm mở hàm mở
Trong biểu đồ nguyên âm, để đọc bốn thể loại ở bốn góc chỉ cần chuyển động môi và hàm, đầu lưỡi nằm yên chạm chân răng cửa dưới.
1. Cách phát âm thể loại I / i / beat, hàm đóng, môi căng ngang, tạo âm dài.
2. Cách phát âm thể loại X / u / boot, hàm đóng, môi nhô tròn, tạo âm dài.
3. Cách phát âm thể loại VII / ɔ / bought, hàm mở, môi mở rộng, tạo âm dài.
4. Cách phát âm thể loại V / æ / bat, hàm mở, môi căng ngang, tạo âm ngắn.
Vowel sound I is called a high, front, tense vowel because the tongue is high in the front of the mouth, and the muscles of the throat and lips are very tight.
Vowel sound X is called a high, back, rounded vowel sound because the tongue is high in the back of the mouth, and the lips are rounded.
Vowel sound V is called a low, front, lax vowel because the sound is made in the front of the mouth, and the tongue is low and relaxed.
To pronounce tense vowels: Keep your tongue tight. Hold the sound of the vowel. Make your voice go up and then glide down at the end.
To pronounce lax vowels: Keep your tongue relaxed. Keep the sound short. Do not let your voice glide down at the end.
beat / bit bead / bid cape / cap hope / hop
Nguyên âm tiếng Anh.
Mỗi nguyên âm tạo ra một âm tiết trong một từ. Những âm tiết cũng được nhấn mạnh và không nhấn mạnh. Tất cả nguyên âm đều được đọc bằng dây thanh rung, lưỡi không chạm những phần khác của miệng, răng, hoặc môi.
Cách phát âm nguyên âm khác nhau bởi
• khoảng cách giữa đôi môi
• hình dạng của đôi môi
• khoảng thời gian âm thanh được giữ
There are five vowel letters: a e i o u
The alphabet vowel sounds / eɪ /, / i /, / aɪ /, / oʊ /, / u / are pronounced with a off-glide.
The relative vowel sounds / æ /, / ɛ /, / ɪ /, / ɑ /, / ʌ / are pronounced with no off-glide.
The small changes in the sound at the end is called the off-glide.
If there is only ONE vowel letter in a short word, it is pronounced with its relative vowel sound.
If there are TWO vowel letters in a short word, the first vowel letter is pronounced with its alphabet vowel sound. The second vowel letter is silent.
In many words, the letter y and w are pronounced as vowel sounds.
/ i / / aɪ / / eɪ / / oʊ /
city apply always below
comedy cry astray blow
electricity fly dismay grows
funny my may knowing
happy reply pays row
history shy player show
lazy sky say slow
photography supply stayed snow
pretty type today throw
studying why way tow
1 / æ / lad, bad, cat - Tense vowel AH Common Spellings : a (always followed by a consonant)
Cách phát âm / æ /, hàm gần mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 15 mm, môi căng ngang, lưỡi THẤP đầu lưỡi chạm chân răng cửa dưới, tạo âm ngắn.
To make the / æ / sound: Move your jaw to a near-open position. Stretch your lips horizontally. Place the tip of your tongue behind your lower front teeth.
at, back, bad, bat, black, cab, cap, cat, Dan, flat, jacket, lad, mad, pack, pad, ran, sack, shack, shad, snaps, stacking, tan, tap, track, trap
/ i / / æ / / ɛ / / æ / / ɛ / / æ /
feet, feat fat bed bad pet pat
heat hat beg bag pled plaid
heed, he'd had dead dad said sad
he's has end and send sand
leap lap fed fad set sat
neat gnat head had ten pan
seat sat lend land then than
seed sad met mat wreck rack
2 / ɑ / father, not, wasp - Lax vowel O : o, a (always followed by consonants)
Cách phát âm / ɑ /, hàm mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 20 mm, môi bình thường, lưỡi THẤP, tạo âm ngắn.
To make the / ɑ / sound: Move your jaw to an open position. Place your tongue near the floor of your mouth away from your lower front teeth.
baht, Bob, borrow, cod, collar, copy, cot, crops, dock, doctor, Dodd, doll, dollar, Don, encore, ennui, father, fond, honor, honest, John, knowledge, lock, lot, mod, modern, mop, not, obvious, on, operate, option, palm, problem, psalm, rock, rod, Ron, Roz, shock, shop, stocking, stop, stopped, Tom, trod, wand, wasp
/ ʌ / / ɑ / / æ / / ɑ/
buddy body add odd
cup cop backs box
gut got band bond
hut hot jab job
nut not, knot stack stock
putt pot van Von
rut rot wax want
shut shot yam yawn
3 / ɔ / law, caught, all, halt, talk - Tense vowel AW : aw, au, ou, o, al + consonant
Cách phát âm / ɔ /, hàm nửa mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 15 mm, môi mở rộng, lưỡi thấp đầu lưỡi chạm chân răng cửa dưới, tạo âm dài.
To make the / ɔ / sound: Move your jaw to an open-mid position. Keep your lips in an oval shape. Place the tip of your tongue behind your lower front teeth.
all, always, Audrey, August, author, auto, awful, broad, brought, call, caller, calm, caught, cause, cost, cross, dawn, daughter, draw, faucet, fault, halt, law, lawyer, lost, offer, often, ought, saw, talk, tall, thought, water
/ ʌ / / ɔ / / oʊ / / ɔ /
but bought boast bossed
cuff cough boat bought
cut caught bowl ball
gulf golf coat caught
gun gone loafed loft
lung long loan lawn
rung wrong oaf off
sung song own on
4 / ә / about - Lax vowel UH Common Spellings : a, e, i, o, u
Cách phát âm / ə /, hàm giữa, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 2 mm, môi bình thường, lưỡi giữa miệng, tạo âm ngắn nhẹ.
To make the / ә / sound : Move your jaw to a mid position. Part your lips slightly. Keep your mouth and jaw relaxed. Place your tongue low in the center of your mouth.
ago, bird, bub, come, comma, cup, duck, dud, earn, earth, effect, first, fur, heard, mud, nerve, occur, purse, Rudd, serve, shut, trudge, urn, work, worm, worth, yearns
/ ə / / əɹ /
but burn
chuck church
cut curt
does dirt
full furl
fun first
gut girl
hull hurl
hut hurt
5 / ɪ / sit - Lax vowel IH : i, y (always followed by consonants)
Cách phát âm / ɪ /, hàm gần đóng, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 6 mm, môi bình thường, lưỡi cao, tạo âm ngắn.
To make the / ɪ / sound: Move your jaw to a near-close position. Keep your tongue and cheeks relaxed. Keep your lips in a neutral position. Place your tongue high in your mouth. Show only your top teeth.
bid, big, bring, build, busy, chicken, dinner, gym, if, in, it, Jim, kit, list, listen, living, miss, pretty, picture, pig, ridge, sick, sieve, Smith, symbol, thin, this
/ ɪ / / i /
fill feel
hill heel, heal, he'll
lick leak, leek
pick peak, peek
pill peel, peal
rich reach
sin seen, scene
still steal
will we'll
6 / i / see, meat - Tense vowel EE : e, ee, ea, e + consonant + e, -y
Cách phát âm / i /, hàm đóng, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 10 mm, ban đầu môi bình thường lưỡi giữa miệng, sau đó môi căng ngang 10 mm, lưỡi CAO đầu lưỡi chạm chân răng cửa dưới, tạo âm dài.
To make the / i / sound: Move your jaw to a close position. Stretch your lips horizontally. Place the tip of your tongue behind your lower front teeth. Show both your top and bottom teeth.
agreement, amoeba, baby, be, bead, beat, bee, beer, believes, chamois, chassis, chilly, clearly, debris, eat, easily, easy, edgy, either, fear, feel, feet, field, fleece, freeze, happy, he, head, heavy, honey, Jeannie, keep, key, leaders, least, leaving, leek, marry, me, meat, neither, nicely, niece, peas, people, Pete, plainly, please, police, quickly, receive, see, seek, seem, shaky, she, sheet, ski, slowly, soapy, sticky, suite, sweet, sweetie, sweetly, teal, team, tricky, we
/ ɪ / / i /
bit beet
chip cheap
did deed
dim deem
dip deep
fist feast
his he's
hit heat
lip leap
live leave
mill meal
pit peat
rid read
rip reap
seek sick
ship sheep
sis cease
sit seat
7 / eɪ / date, day, pain, whey, rein - Tense vowel A : a, ay, eigh, ai, a + consonant + e, ea
Cách phát âm / eɪ /, hàm nửa đóng, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 13 mm, ban đầu môi bình thường lưỡi giữa miệng, sau đó môi căng ngang 10 mm, lưỡi CAO, tạo âm dài.
To make the / eɪ / sound: Move your jaw to a close-mid position. Stretch your lips horizontally. Place your tongue in the middle of your mouth.
ate, ballet, brulee, buffet, cafe, cape, date, day, eight, face, fiancee, frail, gauge, great, lace, later, made, mainly, pain, pate, plain, prey, rake, rein, Renee, sail, same, say, shake, shape, Spain, stays, straight, suede, table, tailor, they, today, train, trait, wait, way, whey
/ ɛ / / eɪ /
age edge
bet bait
chess chase
debt date
fed fade
fell fail
get gate
led laid
met mate
mess mace
pen pane, pain
red raid
shed shade
tell tail
tent taint
test taste
tred trade
wed wade
wren rain, rein, reign
8 / ɛ / bed - Lax vowel EH : e, ea (always followed by consonants)
Cách phát âm / ɛ /, hàm nửa mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 13 mm, môi bình thường, lưỡi giữa miệng, tạo âm ngắn.
To make the / ɛ / sound: Move your jaw to an open-mid position. Keep your lips and mouth neutral. Keep your tongue relaxed and in the middle of your mouth.
again, any, bed, Ben, bury, can, ceiling, debt, dress, egg, Ed, edge, Esther, Fred, friend, get, guest, heifer, leopard, let, letter, many, meadow, med, never, pen, pet, rent, sell, send, shed, shell, Shep, step, tell, tent, test, tread, trend, upset, wet
/ ɪ / / ɛ /
bid bed
big beg
did dead
fill fell
fist fest
gym gem
hid head
lid led, lead
lift left
miss mess
mitt met
pick peck
Sid said
six sex
slipped slept
tin ten
wrist rest
/ i / / ɛ /
beat, beet bet
bleed bled
feel fell
geese guess
he'd, heed head
mean men
read, reed red, read
sealing, ceiling selling
seed said
sees says
9 / ɹ / burn, herd, earth, bird
Cách phát âm / ɹ /, hàm nửa mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 13 mm, hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, uốn đầu lưỡi, môi nhô tròn, tạo âm dài.
To make the / ɹ / sound: Move your jaw to an open-mid position. Raise your tongue so that the sides touch the insides of your back, upper teeth. Curl the tip of your tongue back, but do not let it touch your palate. Protrude and purse lips to a rounded position.
bird, burn, certainly, chirping, earth, eran, girl, herd, learn, nurse, pleasure, urban, world
10 / ɑɹ / arm, car
Cách phát âm / ɑɹ /, hàm mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 20 mm, ban đầu môi bình thường lưỡi THẤP, sau đó hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, uốn đầu lưỡi, môi nhô tròn, tạo âm dài.
To make the / ɑɹ / sound: Move your jaw to an open position. Place your tongue near the floor of your mouth away from your lower front teeth. Raise your tongue so that the sides touch the insides of your back, upper teeth. Curl the tip of your tongue back, but do not let it touch your palate. Protrude and purse lips to a rounded position.
are, ark, arm, Barton, bazaar, car, carve, dark, hard-hearted, hardly, large, Mars, sergeant, star, start
/ ɹ / / ɑɹ /
blurred blarney
Burke bark
certain carton
churn charge
curd card
curt cart
fir far
first farm
flurry tar
further farther
furl Carl
gird guard
heard hard
hurt heart
insured sharp
Kirk carp
lurk lark
murmur march
pearl park
pert part
shirt shark
sir sorry
sure shard
turkey tarp
third cathartic
verve varnish
11 / ʌ / up, run, won, flood - Lax vowel UH : u, o (always followed by consonants)
Cách phát âm / ʌ /, hàm nửa mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 10 mm, môi mở tròn, lưỡi giữa miệng, tạo âm ngắn.
To make the / ʌ / sound: Move your jaw to an open-mid position. Keep your lips in a rounded circle. Place your tongue low in the center of your mouth.
blood, Buffy, cousin, done, dust, enough, flood, love, money, mother, of, rough, rug, run, shrubs, some, son, strut, Sunday, sunny, touch, trouble, under, up, was, won
/ ʊ / / ʌ /
book buck
could cud
look luck
put putt
took tuck
12 / ʊ / hood, put - Lax vowel OO : oo, ou, u (always followed by a consonant)
Cách phát âm / ʊ /, hàm gần đóng, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 6 mm, môi nhô tròn, lưỡi cao, tạo âm ngắn.
To make the / ʊ / sound: Move your jaw to a near-close position. Slightly tense and protrude your lower jaw. Move your lips to a rounded circle. Keep your tongue high, but do not push it forward.
cookbook, hood, neighborhood, pudding, push, understood, wolf, woman, wool,
/ ʊ / / u /
book booed
bushel boo
cook kook
cookie kooky
could cooed
crook crew
cushion cool
foot food
full fool
good gooed
hood who'd
look Luke
nook nuke
pull pool
put pooch
should shoot
soot suit
sugar shoe
stood stewed
took toucan
would, wood wooed
13 / u / soon, through - Tense vowel OOH : oo, u, ough, ue, ew, u + consonant + e
Cách phát âm / u /, hàm đóng, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 10 mm, ban đầu môi bình thường lưỡi sau miệng, sau đó môi nhô TRÒN 6 mm, lưỡi sau CAO đầu lưỡi chạm chân răng cửa dưới, tạo âm dài.
To make the / u / sound: Move your jaw to a close position. Keep your lips tense in a perfectly rounded circle. Place the tip of your tongue behind your lower front teeth.
blooms, blue, canoe, choose, clue, do, due, few, flew, flu, food, gloomy, goose, juice, June, knew, lieu, loose, lose, new, news, noon, rheumatism, room, rude, shoe, shooed, soon, soup, Sue, through, too, tool, truth, two, Tuesday, who
/ u / / ʌ /
boon bun
boot but
coop cup
mood mud
shoot shut
soon sun
super supper
tune ton
14 / aɪ / eye, my, wise, high - Tense vowel I : i, ie, y, igh, i + consonants + e
Cách phát âm / aɪ /, hàm mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 20 mm, ban đầu môi mở rộng lưỡi thấp, sau đó môi căng ngang 10 mm, lưỡi CAO, tạo âm dài.
To make the / aɪ / sound: Move your jaw to an open position. Place your tongue near the floor of your mouth. Glide jaw and place your tongue high in the mouth. Move your jaw from an opened to a more closed position.
aisle, bike, buy, choir, cycle, diaper, dried, eye, fly, guide, guy, height, high, I, ice, I'd, Ida, I'm, indict, Ira, kite, light, Liza, might, my, nice, pie, rye, size, sky, surprises, try, twice, wise
15 / ɔɪ / boy, hoist - Tense vowel OY : oy, oi, eu
Cách phát âm / ɔɪ /, hàm nửa mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 13 mm, ban đầu môi mở rộng lưỡi thấp, sau đó môi căng ngang 10 mm lưỡi cao, tạo âm dài.
To make the / ɔɪ / sound: Move your jaw to an open-mid position. Keep your lips in an oval shape. Place your tongue near the floor of your mouth. Glide jaw and move your lips from an opened to a more closed position. Place your tongue high in the mouth. Show only your top teeth.
boil, boy, choice, coil, coin, destroyed, Floyd, foiled, hoist, joy, noisy, pointed, ploy, poise, poison, Roy, soil, spoiled, toy, Troy
16 / oʊ / goat, no, toe, soap, tow, soul - Tense vowel OU : o, ow, oe, ough, o + consonants + e
Cách phát âm / oʊ /, hàm nửa đóng, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 13 mm, ban đầu môi mở tròn lưỡi sau miệng, sau đó môi nhô TRÒN 6 mm, lưỡi sau CAO, tạo âm dài.
To make the / oʊ / sound: Move your jaw to a close-mid position. Move your lips from an open position to a closed, rounded circle. Keep your lips tense, then relax and neutral at the end of the vowel.
oak, boat, bold, bone, bowling, brooch, chose, clothes, coke, cold, depot, faux, float, foal, fold, folk, go, goat, groan, hoe, hold, Joe, loan, low, mauve, more, no, oh, old, over, owner, plateau, pole, roll, row, sew, so, soap, shoulder, showed, slow, snowmobile, soul, stone, though, toe, told, tone, tow, window, yeoman, zero
/ ʌ / / oʊ /
come comb
crumb chrome
cup cope
dove dove
fun phone
hum home
mud mode, mowed
nut note
rub robe
rug rogue
rum roam
shun shone
/ ɑ / / oʊ /
clock cloak
co coat
cod code
hop hope
rod road
sock soak
slop slope
Todd toad
17 / aʊ / ow!, now, trout - Tense vowel OW : ow, ou
Cách phát âm / aʊ /, hàm gần mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 15 mm, ban đầu môi mở rộng lưỡi thấp, sau đó môi mở tròn 6 mm lưỡi cao, tạo âm dài.
To make the / aʊ / sound: Move your jaw to a near-open position. Place your tongue near the floor of your mouth. Glide jaw and put your tongue high in your mouth. Move your lips to a rounded circle. Move your mouth from an opened to a more closed position.
allowed, aloud, bough, brown, downtown, house, how, mouse, mouth, townhouse
/ aʊ / / ɑ /
about bought
chowder chalk
couch caught
crowd crawl
doubt dot
found fought
gown got
howl hall
loud lost
now not
out ought
pound Paul
round rot
shower shawl
stout stop
Stroud straw
town top
thousand thought
vow volume
Wow! wash
Yow! yawn
Zowie! zombie
18 / (j)u / you, cute, few, dew
Cách phát âm / (j)u /, hàm đóng, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 10 mm, ban đầu môi căng ngang hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, sau đó môi nhô TRÒN, lưỡi cao, tạo âm dài.
To make the / (j)u / sound: Move your jaw to a close position. Stretch your lips horizontally. Place the sides of your tongue to touch the insides of your upper teeth, near the center of your mouth, then move your lips to a perfectly rounded circle. Keep your lips tense. Keep your tongue high, but do not push it forward.
abuse, accused, beauty, computer, cues, cute, dew, ewe, feud, few, hue, music, queue, universal, university, use, used, using, view, yew, you
19 / ɪɹ / deer, here
Cách phát âm / ɪɹ /, hàm gần đóng, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 6 mm, ban đầu môi bình thường lưỡi cao, sau đó hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, uốn đầu lưỡi, môi nhô tròn, tạo âm dài.
To make the / ɪɹ / sound: Move your jaw to a near-close position. Keep your tongue and cheeks relaxed. Keep your lips in a neutral position. Place your tongue high in your mouth. Show only your top teeth. Raise your tongue so that the sides touch the insides of your back, upper teeth. Curl the tip of your tongue back, but do not let it touch your palate. Protrude and purse lips to a rounded position.
beard, beer, cashier, cheer, deer, ear, fear, hear, here, near, year
20 / ɛɹ / mare, there, bear
Cách phát âm / ɛɹ /, hàm nửa mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 13 mm, ban đầu môi bình thường lưỡi giữa miệng, sau đó hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, uốn đầu lưỡi, môi nhô tròn, tạo âm dài.
To make the vowel / ɛɹ / sound: Move your jaw to an open-mid position. Raise your tongue so that the sides touch the insides of your back, upper teeth. Curl the tip of your tongue back, but do not let it touch your palate. Protrude and purse lips to a rounded position.
bear, mare, square, there
/ i / / ɛɹ /
beer bear
cheer chair
peer pear, pair, pare
steer stair, stare
fear fair, fare
here, hear hair, hare
ear air
tear, tier tear
21 / ɔɹ / tore, boar, port
Cách phát âm / ɔɹ /, hàm nửa mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 15 mm, ban đầu môi mở rộng lưỡi thấp đầu lưỡi chạm chân răng cửa dưới, sau đó hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, uốn đầu lưỡi, môi nhô tròn, tạo âm dài.
To make the / ɔɹ / sound: Move your jaw to an open-mid position. Keep your lips in an oval shape. Place the tip of your tongue behind your lower front teeth. Raise your tongue so that the sides touch the insides of your back, upper teeth. Curl the tip of your tongue back, but do not let it touch your palate. Protrude and purse lips to a rounded position.
afford, boar, court, force, forth, four, horrible, more, orderly, ordinary, port, pour, sort, tore, war, warm
22 / ʊɹ / tour, moor
Cách phát âm / ʊɹ /, hàm gần đóng, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 6 mm, ban đầu môi mở tròn lưỡi cao, sau đó hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, uốn đầu lưỡi, môi nhô tròn, tạo âm dài.
To make the / ʊɹ / sound: Move your jaw to a near-close position. Slightly tense and protrude your lower jaw. Move your lips to a rounded circle. Keep your tongue high, but do not push it forward. Raise your tongue so that the sides touch the insides of your back, upper teeth. Curl the tip of your tongue back, but do not let it touch your palate. Protrude and purse lips to a rounded position.
cure, moor, tour
23 / aɪɹ / hire
Cách phát âm / aɪɹ /, hàm mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 20 mm, ban đầu môi mở rộng lưỡi thấp, sau đó hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, uốn đầu lưỡi, môi nhô tròn, tạo âm dài.
To make the / aɪɹ / sound: Move your jaw to an open position. Place your tongue near the floor of your mouth. Glide jaw and raise your tongue so that the sides touch the insides of your back, upper teeth. Curl the tip of your tongue back, but do not let it touch your palate. Protrude and purse lips to a rounded position.
buyer, dire, fire, fired, hire, hiring, liar, tire, wire
24 / aʊɹ / our
Cách phát âm / aʊɹ /, hàm gần mở, khoảng cách giữa đôi môi 15 mm, ban đầu môi mở rộng lưỡi thấp, sau đó hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, uốn đầu lưỡi, môi nhô tròn, tạo âm dài.
To make the / aʊɹ / sound: Move your jaw to a near-open position. Place your tongue near the floor of your mouth. Glide jaw and raise your tongue so that the sides touch the insides of your back, upper teeth. Curl the tip of your tongue back, but do not let it touch your palate. Protrude and purse lips to a rounded position.
flour, hour, our, sour, tower
/ əɹ / / ɑɹ / / ɛɹ / / ɔɹ / / ɪɹ / / aʊɹ /
burn barn bear born beer bower
churn char chair chore cheer chowder
cur car care core kir cower
dirt dark dare door dear dour
earn art air or ear hour
firm farm fairy form fierce -
first far fair four fear flower
gird guard scared gored geared Gower
heard hard haired horde here's -
hurt heart hair horse here how 're
murky mar mare more mere -
pert part pair pour peer power
rather cathartic there Thor theory 11th hour
sir sorry Sarah sore seer sour
spur spar spare sport spear -
stir star stair store steer -
sure sharp share shore shear shower
turtle tar tear tore tear tower
a word - aware award a weird -
word - where war we're -
work - wear warm weird -
Phụ âm tiếng Anh
Cách phát âm phụ âm khác nhau bởi
• vị trí của lưỡi, môi, và răng
• cách tạo làn hơi thoát ra
• việc sử dụng, hoặc không sử dụng dây thanh rung
For continuants sound, we let the air flow through the mouth without stopping it.
For stops sound, we stop the air flow inside the mouth.
Listen to the words "hiss" and "buzz." Press your fingers against your ears, and say the word " buzz," continuing the final / z / sound until you hear the difference from the / s / sound. The buzzing of the / z / sound is called voicing. / z / is a voiced sound. / s / is a voiceless sound.
Sibilants are consonant sounds that make a hiss.
Voiced sibilants his / z / beige / ʒ / badge / dʒ /
Voiceless sibilants hiss / s / wash / ʃ / batch / tʃ /
At the beginning of a word, voiceless stop sounds (/ p /, / t /, and / k /) are always followed by a puff of air. This puff of air is called aspiration or plosive.
The between-vowel d or t flap is a very quick and light stop; we make it by touching the tip of the tongue lightly against the tooth ridge instead of a d or t sound.
Stops (The air flow is Continuants (The air Voiceless Voiced
stopped momentarily) continues to pass) without voice with voice
p, b m p b, m
k, g ng k g, ng
t, d n t d, n
When one of those sounds r, l f v
happens at the end of a word. f, v wh w
We close the vocal cords h th (thin) th (this)
very sharply (glottal stop). w, wh s, sh, z, zh z, zh (beige), j
th (thin), th (this) h r, l
Special flap sound between sibilant sounds: s, sh, z, zh (All vowels are voiced.)
vowels (heating / heeding) (All vowels are continuants.)
28 / p / pen, spin, tip, pie, open
Cách phát âm / p /, môi ngậm chặc, sau đó mở nhanh tạo làn hơi phụt ra vô thanh.
To make the / p / sound: Place your lips together. Open your lips while pushing air out.
April, grasp, harp, help, lamp, limp, map, package, paid, paper, party, pat, peck, Phillip, pick, pit, pizza, play, pot, praise, prepare, scalp, sharp, sleep, stamp, stop, trip, up, wasp
• The letter p is not pronounced in the following words.
corps, cupboard, pneumonia, psychology, raspberry, receipt, sapphire
• Do not make the puff when / p / occurs in the middle of a word before a vowel sound or directly follows / s /.
apple, aspirin, expect, happy, hospital, people, purple, simple, span, spend, spill, spoil, whisper
• ph is pronounced like / f /: phone, phony, photo, photograph
• ps is pronounced like / s /: psychiatrist, psychic, psychologist, psychology
/ p / / b /
pack back
pan ban
pare, pair, pear bare, bear
pay bay
pea bee
peach beach
pet bet
pin bin
pole bowl
pour, pore bore, boar
prayed braid
punch bunch
push bush
29 / b / but, web, bill, cabin, rob
Cách phát âm / b /, môi ngậm chặc, sau đó mở nhanh hữu thanh.
To make the / b / sound: Place your lips together. Open your lips while adding your voice.
bag, bill, bread, bulb, but, cabin, cabs, observe, rob, rubber, sobbed, web
• The letter b is not pronounced in the following words.
comb, debt, doubt, lamb, subpoena, subtle, tomb, womb
/ p / / b /
rapid rabid
repel rebel
ripped ribbed
roped robed
30 / t / two, sting, bet, time, rates, bat
Cách phát âm / t /, lưỡi chạm quanh chân răng trên, sau đó mở nhanh tạo làn hơi phụt ra đi qua đầu lưỡi vô thanh.
To make the / t / sound: Raise your tongue and press it against the tooth ridge all around so that the air cannot flow out. Quickly release your tongue, pushing air out.
act, apartment, apt, best, bet, biggest, can't, coat, eat, fault, got, happiest, hat, just, last, least, lift, lost, minute, most, pocket, put, sat, silliest, skirt, smallest, stand, stew, sting, straight, t-shirt, tame, tap, team, tenant, text, thyme, tore, tray, tree, twelve, twin, two, visit, went, worst
• The letter t is not pronounced in the following words.
fasten, hasten, listen, mortgage, mustn't, often
• Do not make the puff when / t / follows / s /.
faster, history, mistake, stamp, step, stove
• To make the sound of / t / between vowels, tap the tongue quickly on the tooth ridge without holding it, then go on to the next vowel.
bitten, button, fountain, important, kitten, mitten, mountain, sentence
• The past tense marker, ed, is pronounced / t /, with the puff of air, when the verb ends in one of the voiceless consonants / p /, / k /, / ch /, / f /, / sh /, / s /, or / ks /. Be very careful not to pronounce the vowel e.
baked, cooked, faxed, gossiped, laughed, passed, picked, shopped, stopped, talked, taped, walked, washed, watched, worked
/ s / / t / / t / / d /
boats boat tab dab
buss but tall doll
cats cat tank dank
face fate teen dean
mice might tell dell
nice night ten den
pass pat tie dye
race rate tied died
rice right tip dip
tickets ticket tile dial
time dime
tome dome
try dry
31 / d / do, odd, door, bidder, sad
Cách phát âm / d /, lưỡi chạm quanh chân răng trên, sau đó mở nhanh hữu thanh.
To make the / d / sound: Raise your tongue and press it against the tooth ridge all around so that the air cannot flow out. Quickly release your tongue, adding your voice.
around, bad, bed, bidder, cold, dad, Dan, David, day, didn't, dime, dinner, dishes, do, does, dollar, Donna, door, dress, drive, drove, dwarf, Eddy, had, lid, odd, old, sad, said, tide
dam / dame, dim / dime, din / dine, dull / duel, bleed / bled, code / cod, node/ nod, deed / died / did, feed / fade / fad, reed / raid / ride, rude / rode / rod, seed / side / sad
• The letter d is not pronounced in the following words.
grandchildren, grandfather, grandmother, handkerchief, Wednesday
• To make the sound / d / between vowels and after the consonant / r /, tap the tongue quickly on the tooth ridge without holding it, then go on to the next vowel.
added, body, city, daddy, faded, fitted, graded, grated, harder, lady, later, little, muddy, order, shorter, subtle
• The past tense marker, ed, is pronounced / d /, when the verb ends in one of the voiced consonants / b /, / g /, / v /, / j /, / l /, / m /, / n /, / r /, / z /, / w /, or / y /. Be very careful not to pronounce the vowel e.
buzzed, canned, cried, dreamed, enjoyed, feared, giggled, glued, hemmed, hugged, judged, loved, planned, played, programmed, rolled, rubbed, saved, schemed, sewed, snowed, stayed, whispered
• Add the vowel / ә / plus / d / to verbs ending with the sound / d / or / t /. The verb now has one more syllable.
celebrated, created, decorated, ended, faded, folded, greeted, invited, landed, loaded, planted, shouted, waited, wanted
/ ɹ / / d / / n / + / d / / l / + / d / Middle / t / Middle / d /
core code find filed betting bedding
fear feed found fouled latter ladder
near need mind mild matter madder
pair paid phoned fold putting pudding
rave Dave spend spelled rater raider
real deal trained trailed waiter wader
rent dent wetting wedding
roam dome
32 / tʃ / chair, nature, teach, chin, ratchet, rich
Cách phát âm / tʃ /, đầu lưỡi chạm vòm, môi nhô tròn, sau đó mở nhanh tạo làn hơi vô thanh.
To make the / tʃ / sound: Purse your lips to a rounded position. Hold the tip of your tongue on the gum ridge. Stop and then quickly release the flow of air, while pull your tongue back from the gum ridge.
chair, chance, channel, Charles, chase, check, children, Chinese, chip, chose, Chuck, exchange, lunch, match, nature, question, reach, reaching, speech, teach, teacher, watch
• The sound / t / followed by / iuw / is pronounced / tʃ /.
can't you, congratulations, didn't you, don't you, factual, let you, ritual, situation, won't you, wouldn't you
/ ʃ / / tʃ /
share chair
sheep cheap
she's cheese
shoe chew
shop chop
cash catch
dish ditch
mush much
wish which, witch
33 / dʒ / gin, joy, edge, jet, gem
Cách phát âm / dʒ /, đầu lưỡi chạm vòm, môi nhô tròn, sau đó mở nhanh hữu thanh.
To make the / dʒ / sound: Purse your lips to a rounded position. Hold the tip of your tongue on the gum ridge. Stop and then quickly release the flow of air, while pull your tongue back from the gum ridge, add your voice.
agency, ajar, bridge, edge, gem, germ, gin, gym, huge, Janice, jeans, jeep, jet, Jill, Jim, joy, judge, jump, junior, just, major, majoring, region, register, soldier
• The sound / d / followed by / iuw / is pronounced / dʒ /.
could you, did you, education, graduate, had you, individual, would you
/ dʒ / / j /
jail Yale
jam yam
jell yell
jewel you'll
34 / k / cat, kill, skin, queen, unique, thick, cake, baker, tack
Cách phát âm / k /, mặt lưỡi chạm vòm mềm, môi bình thường, sau đó mở nhanh tạo làn hơi phụt ra vô thanh.
To make the / k / sound: Touch the back of your tongue to your velum. Keep your lips neutral. Stop and then quickly release the flow of air.
ache, ask, back, baker, bank, bicker, black, cake, came, can, cane, cat, clean, come, cost, crazy, cut, fake, fork, frank, hawk, ink, kettle, khaki, kill, look, mosque, pick, queen, rack, sack, stomach, tack, talk, thick, unique, walk, work
• The letter k is not pronounced in the following words.
knee, knew, knife, know, knowlege
• Do not make the puff when / k / occurs in the middle of a word, follows / w /, or directly follows / s /.
asking, basket, chocolate, lacquer, lanky, monkey, queen, question, quick, quite, saccharine, schedule, school, scrape, skate, skin, sticky, tickle, uncle, wicked
• When / k / occurs just before another consonant, bring the back of the tongue to the velum, stop the air briefly, but do not release it; then make the next sound.
action, actor, anxious, asked, asks, baked, bakes, liked, likes, picture
/ k / / g /
cap gap
card guard
cave gave
coast ghost
curl girl
35 / g / go, get, beg, gas, agree, bag
Cách phát âm / g /, mặt lưỡi chạm vòm mềm, môi bình thường, sau đó mở nhanh hữu thanh.
To make the / g / sound: Touch the back of your tongue to your velum. Keep your lips neutral. Stop and then quickly release the flow of air, add your voice.
agree, bag, beg, begged, dragged, egg, gallery, gallon, gas, gate, get, ghost, give, glad, glass, go, gracious, grade, luggage, rugged
• The letter g is not pronounced in the following words.
bought, brought, campaign, caught, champagne, diaphragm, eight, height, lasagna, light, might, phlegm, reign, sign, taught, though, through, weight
/ k / / g /
back bag
bicker bigger
came game
cane gain
clean glean
come gum
cot got
curl girl
hawk hog
pick pig
rack rag
sacked sagged
tacked, tact tagged
36 / f / fool, enough, leaf, off, photo, far, phone, safe
Cách phát âm / f /, môi dưới trong chạm răng cửa trên, sau đó mở nhanh tạo làn hơi vô thanh.
To make the / f / sound: Place your top teeth on the back of your lower lip. Push air out.
after, baffle, cough, enough, fall, far, fence, fish, find, floor, flower, for, food, fool, foul, found, fresh, fret, fruit, fun, half, laugh, leaf, left, loaf, muff, off, often, phone, photo, Ralph, safe, tough, trophy
/ p / / f /
clip cliff
copy coffee
lap laugh
leap leaf
pace face
paid fade
pail fail
pare, pair, pear fare, fair
past fast
pat fat
peel feel
peer fear
pieced feast
pile file
pin fin
pine fine
pole foal
pool fool
pork fork
pour four
pray fray
pride fried
pup puff
put foot
ripped rift
sipped sift
wipe wife
37 / v / voice, have, of, vase, reveal, rave
Cách phát âm / v /, môi dưới trong chạm răng cửa trên, sau đó mở nhanh hữu thanh.
To make the / v / sound: Place your top teeth on the back of your lower lip. Add your voice.
arrived, believe, drive, eleven, envious, envy, evening, ever, favor, five, have, loved, never, of, over, save, survive, vine, Virginia, voice
fail / vail, fan / van, fast / vast, ferry / very, fine / vine, leafing / leaving, reference / reverence, rifle / rival, surface / service, belief / believe, half / have, leaf / leave, proof / prove, safe / save
/ b / / v /
bail, bale veil, vale
ballet valet
ban van
base vase
bat vat
bent vent
berry, bury very
best vest
bet vet
boat vote
buys vise
carb carve
curb curve
marble marvel
robe rove
Serbs serves
/ f / / v /
fairy very
final vinyl
half have
leaf leave
38 / θ / thing, teeth, thumb, without, bath
Cách phát âm / θ /, đầu lưỡi nằm giữa răng cửa, kéo lưỡi nhanh tạo làn hơi vô thanh.
To make the / θ / sound: Place the tip of your tongue between your top and bottom teeth. Your tongue must be visible. Push air out.
birth, breadth, death, depth, health, length, month, nothing, oath, ruthless, something, strength, teeth, thing, thirsty, thirty, thousand, Thursday, throat, truthful, uncouth, wealthy, width
/ s / / θ /
face faith
force forth, fourth
mass math
miss myth
mouse mouth
pass path
sank thank
seem, seam theme
sick thick
sin thin
sing thing
sink think
sought thought
sum thumb
truce truth
/ t / / θ /
bat bath
boat both
boot booth
fate faith
mat math
rat wrath
39 / ð / this, breathe, father, the, weather, loathe
Cách phát âm / ð /, đầu lưỡi nằm giữa răng cửa, kéo lưỡi nhanh hữu thanh.
To make the / ð / sound: Place the tip of your tongue between your top and bottom teeth. Your tongue must be visible. Add your voice.
bathe, breathe, breathing, brother, father, loathes, other, rhythm, teething, the, these, they, this, those, together
• The letter th is not pronounced in the following words.
asthma, isthmus
/ d / / ð /
breed breathe
dare there, their, they're
den then
dough though
fodder father
ladder lather
letter leather
mutter mother
seed seethe
skating scathing
sued soothe
utter, udder other
wetter weather, whether
writing, tiding writhing
/ θ / / ð /
breath breathe
cloth clothe
ether either
mouth mouthe
thigh thy
think this
thought though
thigh thy
wrath rather
40 / s / see, city, pass, say, test, base
Cách phát âm / s /, đầu lưỡi chạm chân răng cửa trên, hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, sau đó mở nhanh kéo môi, tạo làn hơi đi qua vùng giữa lưỡi vô thanh.
To make the / s / sound: Place the tip of your tongue above and behind your upper teeth. Press the sides of your tongue against your teeth so that a valley is formed down the center of your tongue. Pull your lips back. Push air out.
acid, bosses, cease, cell, city, eraser, face, fast, kiss, loose, pass, place, raced, recent, rice, scene, see, small, some, square, waltz, waltzed
• The letter s is not pronounced in the following words.
aisle, chamois, chassis, corps, debris, lisle
• The letter x is often pronounced as / k / + / s /.
ax, exercise, expect, extra, fix, fox, relaxed, saxophone, tuxedo
• Noun plurals, third person present tense verb forms, possessives, and contractions after vowels and the voiceless consonants / p /, / t /, / k /, / f /, and / d / are spelled: -s and pronounced / s /.
asks, baths, beets, beliefs, cakes, carrots, cooks, drinks, grapes, graphs, grasps, hats, hits, it's (it is), Jack's, leeks, laughs, let's (let us), looks, maps, meats, Miss Crist's, Pat's, Ruth's, soaps, socks, soups, sweets, tapes, tasks, tastes, tests, that's (that is), treats, wasps, what's (what is)
/ ʃ / / s /
leash lease
mesh mess
shame same
shave save
she'd seed
she'll seal
shed said
sheet seat
shelf self
shine sign
ship sip
shock sock
shoe sue
shoot, chute suit
show sew, sow, so
shower sour
41 / z / zoo, rose, nose, closed
Cách phát âm / z /, đầu lưỡi chạm chân răng cửa trên, sau đó mở nhanh kéo môi hữu thanh.
To make the / z / sound: Place the tip of your tongue above and behind your upper teeth. Pull your lips back. Add your voice.
anxiety, cheese, cousin, easy, freeze, lazy, rose, vegetables, xerox, xylophone, zero
/ s / / z /
buss buzz
cease sees
face phase
hearse hers
hiss his
ice eyes
lacey lazy
loose lose
pace pays
peace peas
place plays
price prize
raced raised
rice rise
sip zip
Sue zoo
• The letter x is sometimes pronounced as / g / + / z /.
exact, exaggerate, examine, exert, exist
• The sounds / s / and / z / can indicate the difference between a noun and a verb.
Nouns-/ s / Verbs-/ z /
the abuse to abuse
the advice to advise
the excuse to excuse
the grease to grease
the house to house
the use to use
• Noun plurals, third person present tense verb forms, possessives, and contractions after vowels and the voiced consonants / b /, / d /, / g /, / v /, / m /, / n /, / ng /, / l /, / r /, and / d / are spelled: -s or -es, and pronounced / z /. Be very careful not to pronounce the vowel e.
Bob's, breads, breathes, brings, cans, comes, cries, does, dogs, heads, he's, hers, his, items, kinds, labs, leaves, lies, magazines, Martha's, medicines, newspapers, onions, ours, peas, plays, potatoes, prisms, rides, rise, rooms, runs, she's, sees, sings, smiles, soothes, theirs, things, Thursdays, tomatoes, toys, vegetables, yours
• After the sounds / s /, / z /, / ʃ /, / tʃ /, / ʒ / and / j /, add the combined sound / əz / to the word.
abuses, amazes, amuses, britches, Bruce's, bruises, brushes, causes, churches, dances, entrances, faxes, garages, glasses, Gooch's, juices, kisses, lettuces, massages, matches, niece's, offices, packages, Page's, pages, peaches, praises, prices, radishes, Rose's, Rolexes, sashes, Solange's, spices, stages, surprises, teaches, things, Trish's, uses, washes, watches, wishes
42 / ʃ / she, sure, emotion, leash, nation, special, wash
Cách phát âm / ʃ /, hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, môi nhô tròn, sau đó mở nhanh tạo làn hơi đi qua vùng giữa lưỡi vô thanh.
To make the / ʃ / sound: Purse your lips to a rounded position. Press the sides of your tongue against your teeth so that a valley is formed down the center of your tongue. Place your tongue high in the center of your mouth. Do not let it touch your gum ridge or teeth. Push air out between your top and bottom front teeth.
anxious, assure, Charlotte, chauffeur, chef, emotion, expression, fashion, issue, leash, machine, mention, ocean, shame, Sharon, she, shine, shopped, shopping, social, special, sugar, sure, tension, wishes, wished
/ tʃ / / ʃ / / s / / ʃ /
cheek chic same shame
chin shin see she
chip ship so show
choose shoes Sue shoe
match mash
matched mashed gas gash
matching mashing lease leash
watch wash mass mash
watches washes mess mesh
/ ʃ / / tʃ /
cash catch
chic chick
crush crutch
dish ditch
hush hutch
marsh march
mash match
share chair
sheep cheap
sheik cheek
shop chop
wish witch
43 / ʒ / pleasure, beige, seizure, measure
Cách phát âm / ʒ /, hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, môi nhô tròn, sau đó mở nhanh hữu thanh.
To make the / ʒ / sound: Purse your lips to a rounded position. Press the sides of your tongue against your teeth so that a valley is formed down the center of your tongue. Place your tongue high in the center of your mouth. Do not let it touch your gum ridge or teeth. Add your voice.
Asia, azure, beige, equation, garage, measure, occasionally, Persian, pleasure, prestige, regime, seizure, television, treasure, usual, usually, vision
/ z / / ʒ /
Caesar seizure
closing closure
laser leizure
pleaser pleasure
44 / x / loch Scottish
Cách phát âm / x /, mặt lưỡi chạm vòm mềm, tạo làn hơi đi từ họng hữu thanh.
45 / h / ham, hot, behave
Cách phát âm / h /, tạo làn hơi đi từ họng vô thanh.
To make the / h / sound: Force air from the throat, let the air flow freely out of your mouth. Do not let the back of your tongue touch your palate.
alcohol, behave, have, haven't, hay, he, her, hiding, hill, him, home, hope, hot, hotel, Howard, huge, hurry, husband, hutch, mahogany, Ohio, preheat, what, who, whole
• The letter h is not pronounced in the following words.
ah, bought, caught, exhaust, exhort, exhume, fight, heir, herb, honest, honor, hour, John, khaki, night, oh, rhythm, though, through, thyme, shepherd, vehement, what, when, where, why
46 / m / man, ham, my, amend, clam
Cách phát âm / m /, môi ngậm chặc, tạo làn hơi đi qua mũi hữu thanh.
To make the / m / sound: Press your lips together. Begin voicing. Make the sound come through your nose.
amend, camp, clam, climb, comb, coming, Emily, famous, from, games, ham, him, home, I'm, Maine, make, man, maybe, mother, my, name, rim, roomate, rum, Sam, simmer, some, sum, swim, swimmer, tamed, them, tomorrow
/ m / / ŋ /
rim ring
rum rung
Sam sang
simmer singer
sum, some sung
swim swing
swimmer swinger
47 / n / no, tin, annoy, ban
Cách phát âm / n /, lưỡi chạm quanh chân răng trên, tạo làn hơi đi qua mũi hữu thanh.
To make the / n / sound: Press your tongue to your gum ridge. Begin voicing. Make the sound come through your nose. Air flows out of the nose.
and, angel, annoy, any, ban, envy, funny, interest, know, money, never, no, plain, sane, then, tin, train
• The letter n is not pronounced in the following words.
autumn, column, hymn
/ m / / n /
dime dine
hem hen
lame lane
mere near
might night
simmer sinner
/ n / / ŋ /
fan fang
lawn long
run rung
sin sing
stun stung
thin thing
/ n / / l /
cone coal
knife life
main mail
mine mile
name lame
need lead
nice lice
niece lease
night light
no low
not lot
pine pile
ten tell
tune tool
when well
win will
48 / ŋ / ringer, sing, finger, drink, think
Cách phát âm / ŋ /, mặt lưỡi chạm vòm mềm, môi bình thường, tạo làn hơi đi qua mũi hữu thanh.
To make the / ŋ / sound: Touch the back of your tongue to your velum. Keep your lips neutral. Begin voicing. Do not release your tongue. Make the sound come through your nose.
belonged, belongings, drink, fascinating, finger, going, hanger, interesting, long, looking, ringer, shopping, sing, singing, song, strong, think, tongue
/ m / / n / / ŋ /
rum run rung
Sam San sang
simmer sinner singer
some son, sun sung
whim win wing
• A double consonant sound is formed when / ŋ / is followed by the sounds / g / or / k /.
finger, longer, stronger, tangle, thanking, thinking, sinking, drinking
49 / l / left, bell, land, hello
Cách phát âm / l /, uốn lưỡi mặt dưới lưỡi chạm chân răng trên, môi bình thường, sau đó mở nhanh tạo làn hơi đi qua hai bên lưỡi hữu thanh. / l / được đọc / lə / khi đứng cuối của từ.
To make the / l / sound: Curl your tongue up; put the under side of your tongue to your gum ridge, but the sides of the tongue are dropped down and tensed. While realease your tongue, add your voice. Air flows out of the mouth around each side of the tongue. When a word ends with an / l / sound, add a schwa for an exaggerated / lə / sound.
alcohol, alive, animal, believe, bell, bowling, clam, clean, climb, daily, fellow, fill, film, flight, glass, he'll, hello, I'll, it'll, label, lake, land, landscape, laugh, lead, led, lemon, lift, liver, Lola, lots, love, lovely, Luke, male, pale, pail, place, play, she'll, shelf, solve, they'll, yellow, you'll, we'll, what'll, will
lad / laid, lease / less, lid / lied, like / lick, feel / fell, mule / mull, pale / pal, pile / pill, seal / sale
feel / fail / file, meal / mill / mile, pal / pale / pill, peel / pill / pile, rail / role / rule
• The letter l is not pronounced in the following words.
could, half, halves, Lincoln, salve, should, would
/ l / / n / / t / / d /
law gnaw taw daw
lee knee tea D
low know toe dough
alley Annie's at ease
belly Benny Betty
caller Conner cotter
When a word ends with an / l / sound, connect it to the next word if you can, or
• Hold the / l / sound extra long.
fill /fiəllll/ full /fʊəllll/ fool /fuəllll/ fail /feɪəllll/
fell /fɛəllll/ feel /fiəllll/ fuel /fyuəllll/ furl /frrəllll/
• Add a slight schwa for an exaggerated / lə / sound.
fill /fi ələ/ full /fʊ ələ/ fool /fu ələ/ fail /feɪ ələ/
fell /fɛ ələ/ feel /fi ələ/ fuel /fyu ələ/ furl /frr ələ/
/ ʊll / / ɑll / / aʊl / / ɛll / / eɪle / / oll / / il / / əɹl /
bull ball bowel bell bale bowl Beal bottle
- call cowl Kelly kale cold keel coddle
full fall foul fell fail foal feel fetal
- hall howl hell hail hole heel huddle
- hauled howled held hailed hold healed hurtle
pull pall Powell pell pail pole peel poodle
Schultz shawl - shell shale shoal she'll shuttle
tulle tall towel tell tale toll teal turtle
- vault vowel veldt veil vole veal vital
wool wall - well whale whole wheel wheedle
you'll yawl yowl yell Yale - yield yodel
50 / ɹ / run, very, rent, borrow, bar
Cách phát âm / ɹ /, lưỡi sau THẤP hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, môi mở tròn, uốn lưỡi, tạo làn hơi đi qua vùng giữa lưỡi hữu thanh. / ɹ / được đọc / əɹ / khi đứng cuối của từ.
To make the / ɹ / sound: Place the sides of your tongue up against the insides of your back, upper teeth. Round your lips. Curl the tip of your tongue back, but do not let it touch your palate. Air flows out along the middle of the tongue. When a word ends with an / ɹ / sound, add a schwa for an exaggerated / əɹ / sound.
around, bird, cared, cares, carol, colonel, cry, draw, ever, father, feared, fears, fired, fires, florist, flower, friend, from, green, her, here, lured, lures, martyr, meringue, mirror, more, mother, never, orphan, our, prettier, price, race, ran, remember, ride, Rita, Robert, Roger, rose, short, sorry, store, story, surprise, their, there're, they're, thirty, three, through, tomorrow, try, very, we're, writer, you're, your
rack / rake, red / reed, rip / ripe, rid / ride
cure / core / care, dear / dare / dire, fear / fair / fire, hear / hair / hire, pure / pair / peer
/ l / / ɹ /
alive arrive
believe bereave
belly berry
clam cram
climb crime
coal core
fail fair
feel fear
flight fright
heal hear
label labor
lamb ram
lane rain
late rate
laughed raft
led, lead red, read
lift rift
light right, write
limb rim
lime rhyme
liver river
lock rock
look rook
loom room
low row
pale, pail pare, pair, pear
plays prays, praise
Lill real
roll roar
steel steer
51 / w / we, queen, win, always, wow
Cách phát âm / w /, mặt lưỡi chạm vòm mềm, ban đầu môi căng TRÒN chạm răng cửa, sau đó môi mở rộng, kéo lưỡi nhanh hữu thanh.
To make the / w / sound: Round your lips and press them back against the front of your teeth. Now add your voice. Unround your lips while pull tongue back.
away, awhile, once, one, queen, sweet, twenty, was, we, where, whistle, why
• The letter w is not pronounced in the following words.
knowledge, sword, toward, two, who, whole, whom, whose, wren, write, wrong
/ v / / w /
vain wane
vase ways, weighs
veal wheel, we'll
veer we're
veil whale
vent went
very, vary wary
verse worse
vest west
vicious wishes
vile while
vine wine
vow wow
52 / j / yes, beyond
Cách phát âm / j /, mặt lưỡi gần chạm vòm hai bên lưỡi chạm răng hàm trên, môi căng rộng, kéo lưỡi nhanh hữu thanh.
To make the / j / sound: Place the sides of your tongue to touch the insides of your upper teeth, near the center of your mouth. Quickly pull your tongue back, adding your voice.
beyond, mayor, year, yellow, yes, yet
• The letter y is not pronounced in the following words.
says, prayers
• When the sound / y / is followed by the vowel sound / u /, the combination is the vowel sound / iuw /.
use, usual, Utah, you, youth
/ dʒ / / j /
gel yell
jeer year
jello yellow
jet yet
joke yoke
jot yacht
major mayor
53 / ʍ / what, whine, white
Cách phát âm / ʍ /, mặt lưỡi chạm vòm mềm, tạo làn hơi đi từ họng hữu thanh.
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