I       BASIC ELEMENTS OF PRONUNCIATION

a.   WHAT IS PRONUNCIATON? (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pronunciation)

-the act or result of producing the sounds of speech, including articulation, stress, and intonation, often with reference to some standard of correctness or acceptability.

b.   FACTORS INFLUENCING PRONUNCIATION MASTERY

(Celce-Murcia, Brinton,1996) and Gillete, Graham, Pennington ,1194)

a. Age

b. Aptitude

c. Learner’s Attitude and Motivation

d. Native Language or First language

c.   IMPORTANCE OF GOOD PRONUNCIATON (Morley, 1998)

a.   Professionally: an inability to be clearly understood has the potential to severely limit job opportunities, especially where communication is of utmost importance.

b.   Academically: students might not feel comfortable asking questions and collaborating with fellow students.

Pronunciation practice is also important for the students who plan to study abroad or are currently living abroad.

Increasing their pronunciation skills beforehand can build confidence and make them feel less reluctant to venture out to speak English.

c.    Socially: individuals might feel over-all dismay and apprehension about using their voice to communicate, putting them at clear disadvantage for maneuvering through daily life.

d.   Collectively: inability to communicate effectively can ostracize a person in multiple facets and settings, and can lead to poor self-confidence.

d.THREE BASIC LEVELS OF LEARNER’S PRONUNCIATION( James, 2010 )

LEVEL 1

 People often do not understand what the speaker is saying. The speaker uses the wrong sounds when making English words or uses the wrong prosodic features when making English sentences.

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LEVEL 2

People understand what the speaker is saying, but the speaker’s pronunciation is not pleasant to listen to because he/she has a distracting and/or heavy accent.

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LEVEL 3

People understand the speaker, and the speaker’s English is pleasant to listen to. Scovel (1988) refers to this as comfortable intelligibility, and he suggests that this, rather than native-like accuracy, should be the goal of pronunciation.

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e. WHAT IS “ACCEPTABLE PROUNCIATION?” (James, 2010).

‘Acceptable’ pronunciation is not synonymous with having American or British accents.

Thus, one does not have to aim to have their students sounding like the Queen of England or the President of the United States.

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